Emo: Movimiento cultural juvenil de las emociones

Por Mildred M. Meléndez Otero

 

 

Xavier de Jesús, tiene 17 años y hace cinco años comenzó su búsqueda de encontrar una identidad. Pasó por diversos movimientos: punk, heavy, gótico hasta como él dice “bajo de categoría” y comenzó a identificarse con los emo.

 

 “Cuando era pequeño me di cuenta que era el nene bueno, no tenía muchos amigos y cuando lo encontré (movimiento emo), me sentí bien. La percepción que la gente tiene it’s like a feeling of fear, but más de respeto. Muchos de mis amigos son cacos, raperos y de otros estilos y siento que hay un tipo de respeto, es como: Mira él es loco no se metan con él”, dijo el joven quien es admirador de programas, tales como L.A. Ink y Miami Ink; le gusta el dibujo y le interesa, luego de estudiar arte, abrir una tienda de tatuajes.

La cultura juvenil emo tiene un origen musical, en específico rock emocional – música que tiene cambios entre susurros y gritos intensos- para crear emociones intensas de nostalgia, romance, pero también coraje e ira. Este movimiento viene de los años 80, lleva más de 20 años  y empezó en Washignton DC, con unos grupos particulares de música. “Consumen una estética muy parecida a la estética punk, pero todos estos grupos tienen sus propias estéticas, sus propios espacios y geografías. Cuando analizas cuáles son los puntos de encuentro entre las diferentes culturas juveniles, podemos encontrar que todas tienen: su propio discurso, estéticas particulares, es decir, cada una de estas identidades culturales juveniles construyen sus propias prácticas culturales”, explicó la doctora María Elisa Santana.      

De Jesús, menciona, que entre las cosas que le gustaron fue el estilo del cabello, las pantallas y la ropa. “El estilo es cómodo. Somos expresivos, locos”, explicó y recalcó “me gusta cómo me veo, me siento bien. Cuando la gente dice ‘te vas a matar’ o ‘que es suicida’, eso no es verdad porque yo tengo un balance, el balance entre lo que tiene que ser y lo que no es. Para mí, aunque tenga problemas, soy laid back, me disfruto la vida día tras días”. El estudiante de escuela superior, quien escucha la música heavy, screamo, rock clásico, rock and roll y flamenco, enfatizó que no todos los rockeros, punks son iguales. “No todos somos iguales, no todos somos suicidas, ser emo es sólo algo que nos gusta”, subrayó.

Santana, entiende que el grupo emo “se presenta similar a otros grupos juveniles. Desde mi punto de vista tienen una estética particular, un discurso, al igual que los movimientos rastafarian, hip-hop, gotismo, entre otros y también se presentan como consumidores, en el sentido de que al igual que otras identidades juveniles son consumidores de prácticas culturales como por ejemplo, cierto tipo de música”.  Agregó que en Puerto Rico la gente tiende a confundir a la cultura juvenil emo con los punks e hizo énfasis que no son lo mismo. Asimismo, destacó que todas las culturas juveniles han sido señaladas por la sociedad por su estética, entre otros factores.  

Estos grupos representan movimientos alternos a la cultura dominante y todos empiezan para establecer diferencias, ser únicos, asumir una moda diferente y consumir prácticas culturales diferentes. La doctora enfatizó que “cuando empezó la salsa, ésta recibió el mismo rechazo que recibió el reguetón y el hip hop. Los grupos asumen esas posturas como protesta y se distancian de las prácticas que se deben seguir de acuerdo a la cultura dominante”.

Los emo son una tribu

El sociólogo francés, Michele Maffesoli, al hablar sobre las tribus urbanas,  especifica y dice, que los jóvenes se organizan en tribus,  tienen sus propios códigos, sus propias modas, sus propios discursos y estéticas y con ello se entiende el concepto de tribu.

Santana indica que la gente común y corriente piensa que son punks, pero tienen subdivisiones. “La literatura dice claramente que todas las tribus juveniles han sido criminalizadas, además de que todas estas identidades tienden o suelen ser patologizadas – dar características o definir como loco o loca a una persona o grupo-, pero la gente no entiende que su moda y su estética son un lenguaje, explicó. Agregó que lo que los diferencia es la música que escuchan. “Los emo evolucionan del hard core punk, si se entiende al punk, se puede mirar a la cultura emo. Siempre en la historia, ha existido grupos diferentes”.  

La sicóloga dijo: “Para mí es importante que se entienda que es un proceso de la cultura y que hay que quitarle el significado de que son sectas delincuentes o criminales y ver cómo evolucionan.  Ser emo es identificarse, no sólo lucir como tal, tienes que practicar el discurso que se propone”. Santana sostuvo que en el mundo capitalista, estos grupos tienen más auge por el consumo.

Bernie Maldonado, asistente del gerente en Hot Topic, tienda especializada en mercancía referente a la cultura pop, dijo que hace seis años empezó a ver el movimiento en Puerto Rico y destacó que las bandas representativas de este movimiento lo son: My chemical romance, The used y Chiodos. Al igual que hay un sub género que se ha unido al emo, como bandas cristianas que tienen la misma estética, entre éstas Devil wears Prada, For today y August burns red. Respecto a la apariencia de los jóvenes que son clientes de la tienda explicó que utilizan skinny jeans, camisetas de colores brillantes, el color negro en su vestimenta y el piercing, conocido como “lip ring”.

“El 35 por ciento de nuestra clientela son ellos. Muchos son por fashion y otros porque realmente tienen el ideal. Ellos tienen cosas nítidas, como el ser expresivos sobre cómo se sienten. La música de ellos habla de sus sentimientos y son efusivos para presentarlos”, destacó.

Góticos vs Emos

Según la disertación presentada por la doctora Santana titulada Imaginario social y culturas juveniles en Puerto Rico: 1980 al presente, el gotismo constituye un movimiento romántico surgido en Europa y los Estados Unidos a finales de los años 70 y principios de los 80 de rescate de los valores tradicionales. Ideológicamente, tienden a ser pesimistas, románticos y melancólicos como respuestas críticas a lo que estos llaman la pérdida de los valores propuestos en la ilustración. Por esta razón, muchos exaltan el aprecio por la música, la filosofía y las artes en general. Asumen una estética barroca en la que predomina el uso de vestimenta negra matizada de llamativas cadenas, crucifijos y otra parafernalia. En el gotismo, el color negro es una metáfora de la oscuridad y de la falta de luz que habita en los seres humanos del presente momento histórico; es una denuncia del estado de situación de la condición humana en la actualidad. Es, en cierto sentido una expresión de duelo ante el abandono de la “moral tradicional” ante una sociedad estrangulada por los valores propuestos por el desarrollismo.

Mientras, que en el blog radiocristiandad.wordpress.com explica que la ecología, predicar la falta de adicciones, como el tabaco, el alcohol o las drogas (aunque fuman marihuana), el vegetarianismo, difundir la No-violencia y luchar contra el maltrato a los animales son algunos de los temas que recoge su ideología. También este blog indica que los emo “luchan contra toda forma de discriminación en especial contra los homosexuales, aunque lo hacen de una manera más persuasiva, pacífica e individualista”.

Posee un bachillerato en Comunicación con una concentración menor en Lenguas extranjeras de la Universidad del Sagrado Corazón (USC). Ex becada de Student Projects en El Reportero Latino en el 2006 y perteneció a la Asociación de Estudiantes de Periodismo de la USC. Ha colaborado en revistas y periódicos como periodista independiente. Actualmente estudia en la Maestría de Creación literaria de esa  Institución y es colaboradora de Intercuento en el portal de Ciudad Seva. Mantiene el blog Desde las palabras desde Mayo 2009.

Circa 2009

Video por: Jose Antonio  Acevedo-Cuevas

 

Polémica por la ley 7 en la UPR

Conversations with Mary

By: Dalina Castellanos

Maria Moreno opens the door to greet her visitors. In her left hand, a string of beads hangs slightly from her grip. Walking through the entryway, a wooden figure of the Virgen de Guadalupe standing on a shelf can be seen with similar strings of beads dangling from her open hands. The necklace-like strings are in all different colors, some beads are plastic, others are glass or wooden. “They give me strength for the rest of the day,” Maria says about the prayers that accompany the beads. The seventy-two-year-old recent widow settles back down in to her recliner and finishes her prayers in a nonstop whisper.

            The strung beads make up a rosary, used mainly by Roman Catholics for counting certain prayers while praying their devotion to the Virgin Mary. The rosary encloses a pattern of beads on the string or chain. Each bead represents a Hail Mary, the prayer devoted to the Virgin Mary of the Catholic Church.  A set of fifty beads are separated into a group of ten, called a decade, by a larger bead which represents an Our Father prayer. 

            Maria’s husband Rene passed away in June after suffering a heart attack. The rosary she prays with every day was a gift that she received from him in 1953 when he entered the service. “It was like an engagement promise when I received it in the mail,” she said. The rosary itself is a silver chain, now tarnished, with fifty small crystal beads divided into tens by similar larger beads encased in a silver wire netting. “It came in a velveteen box with an embroidered pillow,” Maria recalls, “It was a big deal getting a gift like that back then.”

            After returning from his service in Korea, Rene brought home a ring to take the rosary’s place. “I would pray with it every day so he could return safe,” she said. He did, and brought other gifts along with him, but the rosary stayed a strong symbol of their relationship. She used her special rosary during her wedding, had it by her side at the birth of her eight children and constantly in her hands during hard times and illnesses. When Rene passed away, the crystal rosary was in his coffin during the wake. Before the pallbearers closed the casket, Maria politely asked to get it back.

            Usually after a death in a Roman Catholic family, there is a rosary prayer held in groups for nine days. Family and friends are encouraged to attend. Depending on who is praying the rosary and when, a “mystery” is announced before another decade of prayers are resumed. Throughout the nine days, or a novena in Spanish, the mysteries are alternated. According to Sister Diane Bridenbecker, a campus minister at the St. Thomas More Newman Center at the University of Arizona, there are four types of mysteries. The types may be confusing because they correspond to different days and may change according to the Catholic Church’s calendar and events, but they are represent the joyful, glorious, sorrowful and luminous events in the life of Jesus Christ. Luminous mysteries were proposed in October of 2002 by the late Pope John Paul II to focus on Christ’s public ministry, which had not been addressed in the other three mysteries, Sister Diane explained.

            “I thought she would just play around with it,” Evy Kory recounts her memories about her grandmother’s rosary. “I remember her praying with it all the time.” Although Evy eventually learned how to pray with the beads as a guide during an altar serving class in fifth grade, rosaries will forever be the beads that her grandmother held in her pretty hands with a strong grip.

            When her grandmother was diagnosed with cancer in 2001 and moved in to the Kory’s house shortly afterwards, Evy’s mother would go and pray the rosary with her grandmother frequently. Two short months after her diagnosis and the day after Christmas, the Kory matriarch passed on and left behind the crystal and silver rosary now held in Evy’s soft hands. The crystal beaded decades are worn and chipped; grime can be seen beginning to form in the bead’s mouth. Her thumb unknowingly rubs the medallion with a figure of the Virgin Mary which separates the loop containing the decades and the short beaded trail leading to the crucifix. 

            For many Catholic children, it is customary to have a First Holy Communion around the age of seven in which the child usually receives a rosary along with a prayer book and candle from his or her godparents. Margarita Castellanos remembers hers very well. Her crystal blue rosary is slightly different than others, it only has one decade, making it much shorter than the others she has around her house and with a small medallion recounting a mystery to separate the decades instead of a larger bead. She learned to pray using the rosary in catechism classes before her communion and has since felt a connection with it. “It’s petite; I carry it around in my purse to always have it with me,” she said.

            Miguel Lopez has his black wooden rosary everywhere he goes. Back in high school, while studying abroad in Europe, he bought the religious relic at the Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino in Italy. On a trip to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain he left the beads hanging over the van’s seat. When the group returned, they noticed the van was broken into, but nothing was taken and the rosary was still in place. Five years ago, while driving home, Miguel fell asleep at the wheel, causing his Jeep Liberty to crash into many trees and almost flip over. Nothing happened to Miguel and the rosary slipped off the driver’s seat and onto the door’s side compartment. “In a way it made me wonder,” Miguel said, “I believe it has something to do with my safety after all these years.

Sister Diane explains that the rosary is a means to have a conversation with Mary about the gospels. There is a common misconception, Sister Diane clarifies, that some people make; some think that those who pray the rosary are worshiping Mary, but in fact it is a way to have her as a companion and ask her to pray for us. Maria Moreno admits to the rosary brining a sense of peace and safety when she has one around.

Companions are a common factor when dealing with rosaries. While some people prefer to pray the rosary alone, others choose to pray in groups, alternating verses of the prayer between group members. “You hear this sound going back and forth, kind of like chanting. Like music,” says Sister Diane. Margarita admits to only praying the rosary when there is a group present. “I pray on my own, but I feel the rosary helps share your faith.”

Dalina Castellanos is a Journalism student at the University of Arizona and a Chips Quinn Scholar. She is completing an extended internship at the Tri-City Herald in Washington state.

OCTA Reduction Program for March 2010

By: Paulette E. Martin

Pualette E. Martin is a broadcast Journalism student from California State University, Fullerton

Mission Bay Triathlon

Here’s a sample of a project by Simone Aponte, where for a video production class this semestershe had to create a package with natural sound only, no track.

Simone Aponte is a graduate student at the Academy of Art University pursuing a master’s degree in Multimedia Communications. She also works full-time as a news producer at KFMB-TV, the CBS affiliate in San Diego.

Walking the loneliest road: A story of immigration

By Andrés Gonzalez

  [A student who is also an undocumented immigrant and did not want his or his family's names printed is referred to by his first name only.]

 

   Every year, thousands of immigrants come to the U.S. to follow their dreams. Against all odds, Kevin, 17, immigrated from Honduras alone.

     He was driven to make the dangerous journey by just two things: he wanted to meet his mother and study law. Yet, after crossing four countries by himself and meeting his mother, Kevin could be in risk of not being able to pursue his law education.  

     The last time Kevin saw his mother he was only two years old. In 1993, his mother, Darkis, moved to the U.S. seeking a better life, never to return to Honduras again. For 15 years, Kevin did not speak with or see his mother once; left only to imagine what she might be like in an old, worn photograph. 

“I saw my mother’s photo constantly, but after a while I wanted to see her in person,” Kevin said.

     For most of his life, Kevin lived with his father, a wealthy business man in Honduras. He was told that one day he would be able to visit his mother in the states, though his father had no intention of ever letting him leave the country to find her.
     “My dad thought he was going to be able to separate my mother from me,” Kevin said. “It’s like trying to cover the sun with one finger… he couldn’t.”
     At age 17, Kevin decided to make the journey to the U.S. alone.

     After convincing his father that he would go to the U.S. to find work rather than his mother, Kevin was taken to a bus station in Cholutecas, Honduras, and given $300 dollars for his trip-just enough to pay his way on a series of buses that lead from Honduras to Texas- stopping in Guatemala and Mexico along the way.
     Kevin said he traveled north on a “bus of immigrants” for six days with 30 or more people, all of whom were also heading to the U.S. For many, like Kevin, it was their first time traveling anywhere outside their home towns.
     “I had to remind myself why I was going to the U.S.,” Kevin said. “To become better in life … That gave me force.”
     Despite recent efforts by the U.S. to crack down on illegal immigration, Kevin got lucky. His bus managed to cross the U.S.-Mexico border in California without running into any border patrol officers.
     “[The border] was a deserted area with a big fence, but there was a path in which cars passed [into the U.S.],” he said, adding that along this path there was a check point where U.S. immigration officials were inspecting vehicles. As the bus drew closer, he said, he grew more and more nervous.
     “I went with my faith,” Kevin said. “I kept saying ‘this is going to pass, this is going to pass, all is going to be good.”
     For some reason, Kevin’s bus was let through without an inspection. He said it is probably because its exterior appearance mirrored a “luxurious” tour bus and the officers probably thought there were no immigrants inside.
     “We kept passing, and passing and there was not any obstacle,” Kevin said. “It was surprising.”
     Kevin arrived in Houston where his aunt helped him arrange to travel to Wheaton, Md., where his mother lives.
     One day before Mothers’ day, Kevin met his mother for the first time.
     “My mother cried, hugged me, kissed me,” Kevin said. “I felt great seeing her face and being able to call her ‘mother.’ Now I can feel her warmness and share with her all the moments that we have not been able to share.”

In the basement of his Maryland home, Kevin enjoys playing drums with the guidance of his stepfather.

     He moved in with her and her new husband soon after. He said once he got used to his new environment, he shifted his focus to his second goal: “I want to study, prepare myself and go to the university,” Kevin said.
     After visiting the University of Maryland, Kevin said he knows he wants to come to this university to prepare himself for law school.
     Knowing that law school is demanding, Kevin said he is trying to prepare himself early by doing his best in his high school classes. Yet, no matter how well Kevin’s grades are, college may still be out of reach for the undocumented student- a reality that worries him deeply. 

     Unlike your average teen, undocumented students must grapple with their legal status in addition to every-day stress. Kevin, for example, knows deportation is always a possibility.
     “You don’t know the day that [deportation] could happen,” Kevin said. “But God, I hope it never happens to me.”
     Affording a college education also poses a problem for students like Kevin. “One of my fears is that I might not be able to afford my career and because it’s too expensive not be able to reach it,” Kevin said.
     Darkis, who work as one of the few female painters in Maryland, said she will try to help her son “look for all the financial aid available” to pay for his education, but for students without a social security number or a green card, the options are often limited.
     “Education is the legacy I will give Kevin,” Darkis said. “Every child who wants to study should have an opportunity to do it.”

           State and federal legislators are considering legislation, such as the DREAM Act – which would open the door to federal financial aid for undocumented students – and a state bill that would allow undocumented Maryland residents receive in-state tuition. These legislations could help students like Kevin if they are approved.
          Though Kevin is optimistic about his future, he said he is beginning to think that enrolling in and affording a college education will be more difficult than emigrating alone from Honduras to Maryland.

     “I have always heard that the U.S. was the country of dreams; the country where you can build castles,” he said. ” But I guess people do not always tell the truth.”

 

Hookah Smoking Increases in Gainesville, ‘Deadly trend’ Underreported

By:  Juliana Jimenez

Natasha Alvarez had enough. She threw away the cigarettes and began a new life.

As part of her plan to quit smoking, she started smoking hookah to help with her addiction. She didn’t realize she was probably harming herself even more with this decision.

Alvarez, 21, a Santa Fe College graphic design major, used to smoke one pack of cigarettes a day, every day.

 “I couldn’t even walk fast because I would get tired, or I couldn’t go up a flight of stairs because I would almost pass out,” Alvarez said. “The smell, bad skin, bad teeth, all of it – I got fed up.”

She then started smoking about two hookahs per day.

“I thought I could smoke 1,000 hookahs and it would even be better for me,” she said.

Alvarez is not alone.

People can develop an addiction for hookah as severe as the one for cigarettes and can develop cancer just as easily as well, said Dr. Jane Emmerée, Health Promotion Specialist for GatorWell Health Promotion Services at the University of Florida Student Health Care Center.

Emmerée provides smoking cessation coaching for students enrolled at UF. She also provides help quitting any type of tobacco product.

Almost 13 percent of UF students reported using hookah pipes within the 30 days preceding the Healthy Gators Student Survey Report conducted on the spring of 2008.

People are not aware of the apparent higher rate of cigarette smoking within hookah smokers, Emmerée said.

 “Some students can just smoke socially, and you can’t predict who will become nicotine dependent,” Emmerée said.  “But we do know people are at risk of dependency whether it is from nicotine in cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, hookahs, etc.”

Persons who smoke hookah are exposed to more smoke and nicotine because of longer exposure time, according to the American Lung Association Tobacco Policy Trend Alert February 2007 issue, An Emerging Deadly Trend: Waterpipe Tobacco Use.

One hookah lasts a minimum of 45 minutes, which is the amount of time it takes for the tobacco to burn out.

The World Health Organization Advisory Note “Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions by Regulators” (2005) urges waterpipes and waterpipe tobacco products to be “subjected to the same regulations as cigarettes and other tobacco products,” to “include strong health warnings,” and misleading labeling that implies safety to be prohibited.

In Florida, bars don’t have to be smoke free, but restaurants do, Emmerée said. Whether a business is deemed a restaurant depends on percentage of food sales versus percentage of alcohol sales. So hookah bars can avoid the strict regulations surrounding cigarette smoking in-doors if they don’t sell or allow cigarettes and their food sale percentage is high.

Gainesville, for example, had no hookah bars until two and a half years ago.

Now, there are four.

“But they are not competition,” said Sharvee Mia, 22, professional pilot, owner and manager of Hookah Hutt, 1029 W University Ave.

The previous location on University Avenue and Sixth Street was too small, so they moved in December to their new location on University Avenue and Tenth Street.

“It is definitely more popular now than when we started,” said Mia. “Now it is closer to campus, so we get a lot of foot traffic.”

Mia said an average of 60 customers visit his hookah bar on a busy night. They usually stay from 45 minutes to one hour and a half.

One of the reasons students like to go to hookah bars is the atmosphere.

Mia said his customers enjoy the hip-hop music he plays, unlike other hookah bars that play Arab music and Arab TV programs.

And this is precisely why Alvarez enjoys going to Hookah Nite Café, 2614 SW 34th St.

 For the past month she has been smoking hookah three times a week, for up to two hours.

 “Even though I know hookah is bad I keep doing it,” Alvarez said. “Probably out of boredom, because it’s cheap, you can talk with friends, relax, and have a good time.”

This social aspect may be another underreported health risk factor in hookah smoking.

 Infectious diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis or herpes can be shared by sharing mouthpieces –a problem cigarette smoking does not have, Emmerée said.

“In general, people underestimate the harm of things,” she said.

Juliana Jimenez is a  journalism senior at the University of Florida, a photographer for the school’s newspaper, the Florida Independent Alligator, and a Spanish writer and photographer for UF’s multi-lingual magazine The Anole. For more of her work go to: http://jjimenezj1.blogspot.com/